Objective: Evaluate changes in end-of-life care following initiation of a palliative care program in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Study design: Retrospective study comparing infant deaths before and after implementation of a Palliative Care Program comprised of medication guidelines, an individualized order set, a nursing care plan and staff education.
Result: Eighty-two infants died before (Era 1) and 68 infants died after implementation of the program (Era 2). Morphine use was similar (88% vs 81%; P =0.17), whereas benzodiazepines use increased in Era 2 (26% vs 43%; P=0.03). Withdrawal of life support (73% vs 63%; P=0.17) and do-not-resuscitate orders (46% vs 53%; P=0.42) were similar. Do-not-resuscitate orders and family meetings were more frequent among Era 2 infants with activated palliative care orders (n=21) compared with infants without activated orders (n=47).
Conclusion: End-of-life family meetings and benzodiazepine use increased following implementation of our program, likely reflecting adherence to guidelines and improved communication.